How do learners respond to pedagogical agents that deliver social-oriented non-task messages? Impact on student learning, perceptions, and experiences

0747-5632/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.09.010 ⇑ Address: Instructional Technologies Program, Department, 244L Sanchez Building, 1 University S Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States. Tel.: E-mail address: [email protected] In this paper, I investigate the impact of non-task pedagogical agent behavior on learning outcomes, perceptions of agents’ interaction ability, and learner experiences. Quasi-experimental results indicate that while the addition of non-task comments to an on-task tutorial may increase learning and perceptions of the agent’s ability to interact with learners, this increase is not statistically significant. Further addition of non-task comments however, harms learning and perceptions of the agent’s ability to interact with learners in statistically significant ways. Qualitative results reveal that on-task interactions are efficient but impersonal, while non-task interactions were memorable, but distracting. Implications include the potential for non-task interactions to create an uncanny valley effect for agent behavior. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.